Containerd安装

在线安装

添加 Docker 官方仓库

# 安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

# 添加 Docker GPG 密钥
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 添加 Docker 仓库
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 更新包列表
sudo apt-get update

安装 containerd

# 安装 containerd
sudo apt-get install -y containerd.io

配置文件

创建配置目录
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd

# 生成默认配置
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

默认文件示例：

version = 3
root = '/var/lib/containerd'
state = '/run/containerd'
temp = ''
disabled_plugins = []
required_plugins = []
oom_score = 0
imports = ['/etc/containerd/conf.d/*.toml']

[grpc]
  address = '/run/containerd/containerd.sock'
  tcp_address = ''
  tcp_tls_ca = ''
  tcp_tls_cert = ''
  tcp_tls_key = ''
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_tls_common_name = ''

[ttrpc]
  address = ''
  uid = 0
  gid = 0

[debug]
  address = ''
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  level = ''
  format = ''

[metrics]
  address = ''
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]
  [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.images']
    snapshotter = 'overlayfs'
    disable_snapshot_annotations = true
    discard_unpacked_layers = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    concurrent_layer_fetch_buffer = 0
    image_pull_progress_timeout = '5m0s'
    image_pull_with_sync_fs = false
    stats_collect_period = 10
    use_local_image_pull = false

    [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.images'.pinned_images]
      sandbox = 'registry.k8s.io/pause:3.10.1'

    [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.images'.registry]
      config_path = '/etc/containerd/certs.d:/etc/docker/certs.d'

    [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.images'.image_decryption]
      key_model = 'node'

  [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime']
    enable_selinux = false
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    disable_apparmor = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    disable_proc_mount = false
    unset_seccomp_profile = ''
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = true
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = true
    enable_cdi = true
    cdi_spec_dirs = ['/etc/cdi', '/var/run/cdi']
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = '0s'
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []

    [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime'.containerd]
      default_runtime_name = 'runc'
      ignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false

      [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime'.containerd.runtimes]
        [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime'.containerd.runtimes.runc]
          runtime_type = 'io.containerd.runc.v2'
          runtime_path = ''
          pod_annotations = []
          container_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
          cgroup_writable = false
          base_runtime_spec = ''
          cni_conf_dir = ''
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          snapshotter = ''
          sandboxer = 'podsandbox'
          io_type = ''

          [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime'.containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ''
            CriuImagePath = ''
            CriuWorkPath = ''
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            Root = ''
            ShimCgroup = ''
            SystemdCgroup = false

    [plugins.'io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime'.cni]
      bin_dir = ''
      bin_dirs = ['/opt/cni/bin']
      conf_dir = '/etc/cni/net.d'
      max_conf_num = 1
      setup_serially = false
      conf_template = ''
      ip_pref = ''
      use_internal_loopback = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.differ.v1.erofs']
    mkfs_options = []
    enable_tar_index = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler']
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    schedule_delay = '0s'
    startup_delay = '100ms'

  [plugins.'io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri']
    disable_tcp_service = true
    stream_server_address = '127.0.0.1'
    stream_server_port = '0'
    stream_idle_timeout = '4h0m0s'
    enable_tls_streaming = false

    [plugins.'io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri'.x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ''
      tls_key_file = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.image-verifier.v1.bindir']
    bin_dir = '/opt/containerd/image-verifier/bin'
    max_verifiers = 10
    per_verifier_timeout = '10s'

  [plugins.'io.containerd.internal.v1.opt']
    path = '/opt/containerd'

  [plugins.'io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing']

  [plugins.'io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt']
    content_sharing_policy = 'shared'
    no_sync = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.monitor.container.v1.restart']
    interval = '10s'

  [plugins.'io.containerd.monitor.task.v1.cgroups']
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.mount-handler.v1.erofs']

  [plugins.'io.containerd.nri.v1.nri']
    disable = false
    socket_path = '/var/run/nri/nri.sock'
    plugin_path = '/opt/nri/plugins'
    plugin_config_path = '/etc/nri/conf.d'
    plugin_registration_timeout = '5s'
    plugin_request_timeout = '2s'
    disable_connections = false

    [plugins.'io.containerd.nri.v1.nri'.default_validator]
      enable = false
      reject_oci_hook_adjustment = false
      reject_runtime_default_seccomp_adjustment = false
      reject_unconfined_seccomp_adjustment = false
      reject_custom_seccomp_adjustment = false
      reject_namespace_adjustment = false
      required_plugins = []
      tolerate_missing_plugins_annotation = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.runtime.v2.task']
    platforms = ['linux/amd64']

  [plugins.'io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service']
    default = ['walking']
    sync_fs = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service']
    blockio_config_file = ''
    rdt_config_file = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.shim.v1.manager']
    env = []

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile']
    root_path = ''
    scratch_file = ''
    fs_type = ''
    mount_options = []
    recreate_scratch = false

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs']
    root_path = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper']
    root_path = ''
    pool_name = ''
    base_image_size = ''
    async_remove = false
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_type = ''
    fs_options = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.erofs']
    root_path = ''
    ovl_mount_options = []
    enable_fsverity = false
    set_immutable = false
    default_size = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native']
    root_path = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs']
    root_path = ''
    upperdir_label = false
    sync_remove = false
    slow_chown = false
    mount_options = []

  [plugins.'io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs']
    root_path = ''

  [plugins.'io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp']

  [plugins.'io.containerd.transfer.v1.local']
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    concurrent_layer_fetch_buffer = 0
    max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3
    check_platform_supported = false
    config_path = ''
    max_concurrent_unpacks = 1

[cgroup]
  path = ''

[timeouts]
  'io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open' = '0s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.cri.defercleanup' = '1m0s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats' = '2s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup' = '5s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.shim.load' = '5s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown' = '3s'
  'io.containerd.timeout.task.state' = '2s'

[stream_processors]
  [stream_processors.'io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar']
    accepts = ['application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted']
    returns = 'application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar'
    path = 'ctd-decoder'
    args = ['--decryption-keys-path', '/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys']
    env = ['OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf']

  [stream_processors.'io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip']
    accepts = ['application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted']
    returns = 'application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip'
    path = 'ctd-decoder'
    args = ['--decryption-keys-path', '/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys']
    env = ['OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf']

修改配置（可选）

编辑配置文件以启用 Systemd cgroup：

sudo vim /etc/containerd/config.toml

找到并修改

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true

创建 systemd 服务文件

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service

[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd
Type=notify
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动并启用 containerd

# 重新加载 systemd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动 containerd
sudo systemctl start containerd

# 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable containerd

# 检查状态
sudo systemctl status containerd

验证测试

# 检查版本
containerd --version

# 测试运行容器
sudo ctr images pull docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
sudo ctr run --rm docker.io/library/hello-world:latest hello-world-test